Pemberian Nasi Beras Merah (Oriza Nivara) dan Nasi Beras Hitam (Oriza Sativa L. Indica) terhadap Perubahan Kadar Glukosa pada Penderita Diabetes Melitus

This study aims to determine the effect of giving brown rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza Sativa L. Indica) to changes in blood glucose levels in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City. This research method was carried out with a quasi-experimental design with a pre-post test design test. The results of the study on checking blood glucose levels before and after giving brown rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) within one week obtained P-Value = 0.000 from P-Value <0.05, while in comparison between brown rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) on changes in blood glucose in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City obtained P-Value = 0.19 from P-Value < 0.05. In conclusion, there is an effect of giving red rice (Oryza nivara) and black rice (Oryza sativa L. indica) on changes in blood glucose in people with diabetes mellitus in Kendari City.   Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Blood Glucose Level, Black Rice, Brown Ric

Genetic variation and possible origins of weedy rice found in California.

Control of weeds in cultivated crops is a pivotal component in successful crop production allowing higher yield and higher quality. In rice-growing regions worldwide, weedy rice (Oryza sativa f. spontanea Rosh.) is a weed related to cultivated rice which infests rice fields. With populations across the globe evolving a suite of phenotypic traits characteristic of weeds and of cultivated rice, varying hypotheses exist on the origin of weedy rice. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity and possible origin of weedy rice in California using 98 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers and an Rc gene-specific marker. By employing phylogenetic clustering analysis, we show that four to five genetically distinct biotypes of weedy rice exist in California. Analysis of population structure and genetic distance among individuals reveals diverse evolutionary origins of California weedy rice biotypes, with ancestry derived from indica, aus, and japonica cultivated rice as well as possible contributions from weedy rice from the southern United States and wild rice. Because this diverse parentage primarily consists of weedy, wild, and cultivated rice not found in California, most existing weedy rice biotypes likely originated outside California

EVALUASI KELAYAKAN USAHATANI BERAS MERAH (Oryza Nivara) DI DESA MANIS RAYA KECAMATAN SEPAUK KABUPATEN SINTANG

Manis Raya village is one of the villages in the subdistrict of Sepauk having production of Oryza Nivara is large enough. The size of the production Oryza Nevara does not yet guarantee a high income are accepted by farmers. Production of Oryza Nevara obtained in the village Manis Raya relatively hight, does not mean the income is also hight, so that required a research analisis income and feasibility farming of Oryza Nivara in the village of Manis Raya. Research aims to know the income and feasibility farming of Oryza Nivara that was held in April until June 2018. The determination of locations have done by deliberately (purposive) with consideration that the village of  Manis Raya is one of producer Oryza Nivara. The analysis used in this research was income analysis and feasibility. The result of the analysis showed that the average income of Oryza Nivara farmers for one growing season is Rp. 17.098.414 /ha mt growing season. The analysis showed revenue of cost ratio was 4,54, thus, Oryza Nivara farm in the village of Manis Raya worth to be the efforted.Keywords: Analysis of income, farming Oryza Nivara, feasibility analysis

PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA ALTERNATIF BEKATUL BERAS MERAH (ORYZA NIVARA) DAN BERAS PUTIH (ORYZA SATIVA L) TERHADAP JUMLAH KOLONI JAMUR CANDIDA ALBICANS DENGAN KONTROL MEDIA SABORAUD DEXTROSE AGAR

Jamur Candida albicans membutuhkan sumber nutrisi terutama karbohidrat untuk tumbuh dan berksembang-biak. Identifikasi, isolasi dan konfirmasi hasil pemeriksaan secara mikroskopis memerlukan media kultur. Bekatul beras merah (Oryza nivara) dan bekatul beras putih (Oryza sativa L), bekatul mempunyai karbohidrat sebanyak 84,36%, vitamin, dan nutrisi lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan jumlah koloni jamur Candida albicans pada media SDA (Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar), media alternatif bekatul beras merah (Oryza nivara) dan media alternatif bekatul beras putih (Oryza sativa L). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen murni (true experiment). Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium mikrobiologi Institut Ilmu Kesehatan dan Teknologi Muhammadiyah Palembang pada tanggal 13 desember 2021 - 17 desember 2021 dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 sampel. Hasil penelitian dengan nilai rata-rata dari hasil pemeriksaan perbedaan jumlah koloni jamur Candida albicans pada media SDA (Sabouraud Dextrosa Agar) 111 CFU/mL, media alternatif bekatul beras merah (Oryza nivara) 146 CFU/mL dan media alternatif bekatul beras putih (Oryza sativa L). Uji ANOVA didapatkan nilai p = < 0,001. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian bahwa Bekatul beras putih dapat digunakan sebagai media alternatif pertumbuhan jamur Candida albicans

The Rice Paradox: Multiple Origins but Single Domestication in Asian Rice

The origin of domesticated Asian rice (Oryza sativa) has been a contentious topic, with conflicting evidence for either single or multiple domestication of this key crop species. We examined the evolutionary history of domesticated rice by analyzing de novo assembled genomes from domesticated rice and its wild progenitors. Our results indicate multiple origins, where each domesticated rice subpopulation (japonica, indica, and aus) arose separately from progenitor O. rufipogon and/or O. nivara. Coalescence-based modeling of demographic parameters estimate that the first domesticated rice population to split off from O. rufipogon was O. sativa ssp. japonica, occurring at ∼13.1–24.1 ka, which is an order of magnitude older then the earliest archeological date of domestication. This date is consistent, however, with the expansion of O. rufipogon populations after the Last Glacial Maximum ∼18 ka and archeological evidence for early wild rice management in China. We also show that there is significant gene flow from japonica to both indica (∼17%) and aus (∼15%), which led to the transfer of domestication alleles from early-domesticated japonica to proto-indica and proto-aus populations. Our results provide support for a model in which different rice subspecies had separate origins, but that de novo domestication occurred only once, in O. sativa ssp. japonica, and introgressive hybridization from early japonica to proto-indica and proto-aus led to domesticated indica and aus rice

SUB1A dependent and independent mechanisms are involved in the flooding tolerance of wild rice species

Crop tolerance to flooding is an important agronomic trait. Although rice (Oryza sativa) is considered a flood-tolerant crop, only limited cultivars display tolerance to prolonged submergence, which is largely attributed to the presence of the SUB1A gene. Wild Oryza species have the potential to unveil adaptive mechanisms and shed light on the basis of submergence tolerance traits. In this study, we screened 109 Oryza genotypes belonging to different rice genome groups for flooding tolerance. O. nivara and O. rufipogon accessions, belonging to the A-genome group together with O. sativa, showed a wide range of submergence responses and the tolerance-related SUB1A-1 and the intolerance-related SUB1A-2 alleles were found in tolerant and sensitive accessions, respectively. Flooding tolerant accessions of O. rhizomatis and O. eichingeri, belonging to the C-genome group, were also identified. Interestingly, SUB1A was absent in these species, which possess a SUB1 orthologue with high similarity to O. sativa SUB1C. The expression patterns of submergence-induced genes in these rice genotypes indicated limited induction of anaerobic genes, with classical anaerobic proteins poorly induced in O. rhizomatis under submergence. The results indicated that SUB1A-1 is not essential to confer submergence tolerance in the wild rice genotypes belonging to the C-genome group, which show instead a SUB1A-independent response to submergenc

Early selection of \u3cem\u3ebZIP73\u3c/em\u3e facilitated adaptation of \u3cem\u3ejaponica\u3c/em\u3e rice to cold climates

Cold stress is a major factor limiting production and geographic distribution of rice (Oryza sativa). Although the growth range of japonica subspecies has expanded northward compared to modern wild rice (O. rufipogon), the molecular basis of the adaptation remains unclear. Here we report bZIP73, a bZIP transcription factor-coding gene with only one functional polymorphism (+511 G\u3eA) between the two subspecies japonica and indica, may have facilitated japonica adaptation to cold climates. We show the japonica version of bZIP73 (bZIP73Jap) interacts with bZIP71 and modulates ABA levels and ROS homeostasis. Evolutionary and population genetic analyses suggest bZIP73 has undergone balancing selection; the bZIP73Jap allele has firstly selected from standing variations in wild rice and likely facilitated cold climate adaptation during initial japonica domestication, while the indica allele bZIP73Ind was subsequently selected for reasons that remain unclear. Our findings reveal early selection of bZIP73Jap may have facilitated climate adaptation of primitive rice germplasms

Rejuvenasi dan Karakterisasi Plasma Nutfah Spesies Padi Liar

Spesies padi liar (Oryza sp.) saat ini belum banyak dimanfaatkan dalam program pemuliaan. Spesies ini diketahui memiliki sifat-sifat penting seperti ketahanan terhadap wereng coklat, hawar daun bakteri, virus tungro, penyakit blas, dan cekaman lingkungan. Sebagian kecil dari spesies padi liar sudah digunakan sebagai sumber gen ketahanan terhadap virus tungro dan wereng coklat dalam perakitan varietas padi. Rejuvenasi dilakukan untuk memelihara viabilitas dan ketersediaan benih. Selain rejuvenasi sifat-sifat penting, juga perlu dilakukan karakterisasi. Data yang diperoleh didokumentasi dan disimpan dalam database. Balitbiogen, Bogor memiliki koleksi 18 spesies padi liar dengan 84 nomor aksesi, antara lain O. nivara, O. rufipogon, O. glumaepatula, O. glaberima, O. barthii, O. granulata, O. longiglumis, O. eichingeri, O. ridleyi, O. minuta, O. malampuzhaensis, O. punctata, O. rhizomatis, O. australiensis, O. latifolia, O. officinalis, O. alta, dan O. grandiglumis, dengan jumlah benih sangat sedikit. Ciri-ciri padi liar yang menonjol adalah mudah rontok, umumnya berbulu, dan memiliki sifat dormansi yang lama. Spesies padi liar kompleks officinalis umumnya sangat mudah rontok, ukuran gabah kecil, bobot 1000 butir rata-rata <10 g, gabah berwarna abu-abu kehitaman, aleuron berwarna merah, tanaman umumnya tinggi, dan dapat diratun. Kompleks O. sativa umumnya memiliki gabah lebih besar dengan bobot 1000 butir rata-rata 10-24 g, warna gabah abu-abu kehitaman hingga kuning, sebagian cere, tingkat kerontokan sedang hingga tinggi. Benih hasil rejuvenasi disimpan di ruang penyimpanan dengan suhu +10oC